![]() ![]() Learning objectives, sometimes referred to as learning outcomes (Melton, 1997), are the statements that clearly describe what students are expected to achieve as a result of instruction. These specific statements are typically called learning objectives. ![]() Effective instructional design encourages instructors to express these items in measurable and specific ways, so that students have clear guidance about what is expected of them and how their performance will be assessed. ![]() Most instructors do this informally that is, they have in mind the skills, knowledge, and attitudes they want students to gain by the end of the term. Once you know the destination, it is easier to figure out “How will I know if my students got there?” and “What I can do to help them get there?”.ĭrawing from the backward design framework (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005), the first step in the course design process is to determine the purposes and goals of the course. To start with the end in mind means to start with a clear understanding of where you hope your students will end up.
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